Background: The use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacers for delivering bronchodilator therapy is established as equivalent to the use of nebulizers (nebs) for symptom response.[1-3] Additional well-documented benefits to using MDIs in place of nebs include fewer systemic side effects, better long-term patient adherence to therapy, and, in the era of COVID-19, decreased use […]

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted for surgical resection of left fifth metatarsal due to osteomyelitis refractory to prolonged antibiotic use. Vital signs on admission were all within normal limits; significant lab values included ESR 79 mm/hr, CRP 7.07 mg/dL, and WBC 9.2 k/uL. Following surgical debridement and amputation, […]

Background: Pain is ubiquitous; the 2019 National Health Survey indicated that 20.4% of adults had chronic pain and that for 7.4% of adults, pain limited work or life activities. Earlier research found racial disparities in the management of pain and opioid prescriptions in emergency department and surgical settings, but research has been more limited in […]