Background: The use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacers for delivering bronchodilator therapy is established as equivalent to the use of nebulizers (nebs) for symptom response.[1-3] Additional well-documented benefits to using MDIs in place of nebs include fewer systemic side effects, better long-term patient adherence to therapy, and, in the era of COVID-19, decreased use […]

Background: Pneumonia is one of the most common conditions seen in hospitalized patients. While utilization of inhaled bronchodilators would be a consideration in the treatment of patients with exacerbations of underlying lung disease (ULD; i.e. asthma, COPD), their role in the absence of such underlying pathologies is not well defined. There is very little information […]