Background: Duplicate as-needed (referred to hereafter as “PRN”) orders for common indications such as pain, nausea, insomnia, and constipation are frequent in hospitalized patients. Without explicit instructions for circumstances or order of administration, therapeutic duplication can cause confusion for nurses and violates both Join Commission and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines. [...]

Background: With the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelming the hospital systems rapidly, our Manhattan hospital was no exception. Supplies were in high demand, donning and doffing was taking precious time from patient care. We implemented geographic teams on several units to prevent the spread of COVID-19, decrease supply usage and time spent outside the patients’ rooms. When [...]