Background: Scholarly productivity is critical for academic fulfilment and promotion in hospital medicine (HM), but many hospitalists struggle to achieve scholarly success. Protected time (PT) (i.e., non-clinical time that can be dedicated to scholarly activities) is a key facilitator of academic productivity in HM. However, little is known about how PT for scholarship is managed [...]

Background: Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a frequently used cardiovascular imaging test for hospitalized patients especially those with chronic heart failure. Over the past two decades, TTE orders increased at a rate of about 5-8% per year. A large component of this is repeat TTE orders, defined as orders done within one year of a prior [...]