Background: The substantial increase in medical knowledge along with the pursuit of enhanced outcomes and quality of care has led to significant subdivision of medical and surgical specialties. Physicians, regardless of level of training or scope of practice, should be able to efficiently and safely approach and manage a patient that is facing a medical [...]

Case Presentation: A 54-year-old male was diagnosed with left renal pelvic, caliceal and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma(CA) 3 years before presentation. Patient had a history of transitional cell CA of the bladder that had extended to both kidneys despite local intervention. Patient underwent left sided nephroureterectomy 2 years later because of massive disease burden. Renal function [...]

Case Presentation: A 54-year-old African American woman presented with complaints of headache, blurred vision, and progressive bilateral leg swelling for the past week. This was her 4th visit to the hospital in 4 months with similar complaints. Medical history was significant for 10 years of refractory hypertension, many no-show visits, consequent chronic kidney disease stage IV, [...]