Background: Code status discussions often link do-not-intubate (DNI) orders with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, although cardiac arrest accounts for less than 2% of endotracheal intubations. Furthermore, in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with worse outcomes than intubation. DNR orders are more commonly implemented for older patients with more comorbid conditions regardless of the reason for hospitalization, [...]