Background: Micronutrients are essential food components that are not a major energy source but are required in small quantities to support normal health. Vitamin A is well known for its role in vision; however, it is also involved in immune function, growth, and development. Deficiency of vitamin A manifests as xeropthalmia in children and night [...]

Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports normal bone development and maintenance by increasing the absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, which are essential for bone mineralization. Vitamin D is commonly assessed through serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, with sufficient levels defined as ≥30 ng/mL, and deficient as < 20 ng/ml. [...]