Case Presentation: Case 1 is a 55 year-old healthy man who was brought to the ER after co-workers witnessed him slump down while seated and lose consciousness for 30 seconds. The patient recalled feeling “uneasy” prior to the episode. There were no tonic-clonic movements or loss of bowel or bladder function. Upon awakening, the patient [...]

Case Presentation: A 63 year male with no significant cardiac history presented to our hospital due to attacks of severe right-sided throat pain for 5 weeks.  The pain was described as “sharp” and “stabbing,” with each episode lasting five seconds. These attacks would come in waves, at times up to ten per hour. After these [...]