Background: Code status discussions often link do-not-intubate (DNI) orders with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, although cardiac arrest accounts for less than 2% of endotracheal intubations. DNR orders are more commonly implemented for older patients with more comorbid conditions regardless of the reason for hospitalization, and are associated with withholding treatments outside of the cardiac arrest setting. [...]

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old woman, QF, with a past medical history of lupus nephritis and heart failure, was brought in for evaluation by her friend for fatigue and leg swelling. Despite documented medical problems, she denied having any health issues upon admission. Lab results revealed severe renal failure with a blood urea nitrogen of 163 [...]