Background: Mortality rates are a critical quality metric for hospitals, influencing both clinical outcomes and institutional reputation. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) incorporates 30-day mortality rates into its Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) program and Star Ratings, directly impacting hospital reimbursement and public perception. Similarly, U.S. News & World Report factors 30-day mortality into [...]

Background: There are mounting evidence that the clinical outcomes of conservative blood utilization strategy are equal or superior to liberal blood utilization in patients with anemia in the absence of severe acute hemorrhage, hemodynamic instability, or acute ischemia. However, practice variations among clinicians continue to create a challenge to effective blood utilization stewardship. Hospital Medicine [...]