Background: Over the last two decades concerns have been raised about the potential risk of blood transfusion over the benefits. General restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion approach for anemic hospitalized patients (thresh hold of 7 gm %) has been adopted by American hematology society (AHS) in 2012. It is important to recognize that guidelines [...]

Background: UGIB is a common cause of inpatient admissions often associated with morbidity and an overall mortality rate approaching 10%. Since therapy is different, it is important to differentiate between variceal and non-variceal GI bleeding. While both will often need volume resuscitation, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), judicious transfusion and early endoscopy, patients with variceal bleeding [...]