Background: Acute decompensated heart failure exacerbation is the leading cause of hospitalization in the United States. It was associated with total medical costs of more than $30 billion in 2012 with projections estimating around $70 billion in costs by 2030. Currently, six million people in the U.S. have heart failure, with a little over half [...]

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old male presented to the hospital with several days of fatigue and shortness of breath. His vitals were initially stable, and labs showed a hemoglobin of 4.2 (normal 13.5—17.5), white blood cell count WBC 20.1 (4.5—11.0), and platelet count 43 (160—420), BNP 617 (0—900 pg/ml). He received one unit of packed red [...]