Background: As hospitals focus on central venous catheter associated bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI), the impact of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) associated bloodstream infections (PVC-BSI) may be underappreciated. There are conflicting recommendations on how to manage PVCs, including when to replace them (1)(2)(3), and inconsistencies in nursing practice in following PVC management guidelines (4). There are an [...]

Background: Obtaining timely intravenous (IV) access can be challenging for pediatric patients due to physiological and behavioral differences. Many pediatric patients experience multiple needlesticks, leading to trauma and delays in medical interventions. Prior investigators have attempted to implement standardized IV access algorithms, ultrasound-guided IV placement, and stratification of IV placement difficulty using the Difficult Intravenous [...]