Background: Diagnostic errors (DE), defined as missed opportunities to make a correct or timely diagnosis based on the available evidence, are a critical but understudied cause of patient harm. While previous efforts have focused on examining the incidence and factors contributing to DEs in ambulatory and emergency room settings, fewer studies have examined incidence of […]

Background: Diagnostic errors (DE) often occur in the hospital and can lead to preventable harm. As part of our AHRQ-funded Patient Safety Learning Laboratory, we previously estimated the prevalence of DE to be 22.7% in a stratified cohort of patients hospitalized on the general medicine service. Using a structured electronic health record (EHR) chart review […]

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious diagnosis necessitating adult hospitalization in the United States (US). Timely diagnosis of CAP is important to improve patient outcomes. However, overdiagnosis of CAP, or treatment of CAP despite inadequate signs or symptoms of CAP, may also pose a significant threat to patient safety. Potential harm of […]

Case Presentation: A 53 year old male Missouri resident with a prior history of intravenous drug use, traumatic subdural hematoma, seizure disorder and a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1990 presented to his local hospital in April with a 1 day history of fever and confusion. He was […]

Case Presentation: 71-year-old female with history of DM2, HTN, breast carcinoma in situ status post mastectomy, B-cell lymphoma (R-CHOP in 2016 & RT, currently in remission), autoimmune hepatitis related cirrhosis on Azathioprine presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of progressively worsening productive cough, mild hemoptysis, fever and shortness of breath. In the Emergency […]

Case Presentation: A 76 year-old woman with coronary artery disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease presented to the ER with a one-day history of profound generalized weakness and acute severe anemia. She had known diverticulosis and was taking aspirin 81 mg twice daily status-post a left total hip arthroplasty three weeks prior. Review of systems […]

Case Presentation: A 90-year-old-male with history of hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic lymphocytic lymphoma presented with shortness of breath that had been getting worse over the previous few weeks, particularly at night and with lying down. He also reported increased cough and worsening leg swelling. In the ED, he was hypoxic (84% on room […]

Case Presentation: A 29-year-old man with a history of mood disorder was admitted with acute encephalopathy after friends had requested a welfare check. The patient was found to have nonsensical speech, delusions of alien interaction and possible gait ataxia without other signs of focal neurological deficits. Vitals were within normal limits; no other significant physical […]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic required physicians to care for a new disease with uncertain and evolving characteristics while also adhering to physical and social distancing practices, and under conditions of extreme duress – all factors likely to lead to missed or delayed diagnoses among patients admitted ‘under investigation’ for COVID-19. Methods: We carried out a […]

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old man with a history of cryptogenic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma status post liver transplant with donor positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), and recent treated CMV reactivation, was transferred from a nearby hospital with acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation secondary to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) identified on bronchoalveolar lavage. He was treated […]