Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a staggering 200 million cases with over 4 million deaths globally as of August 2021. COVID-19 is associated with lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used to improve lung function by reducing inflammation, edema, mucus secretion, and inhibiting various cytokine activities. However, there is […]

Background: Systemic muscle relaxant prescriptions have risen in United States. Baclofen is a commonly prescribed muscle relaxant that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist and renally cleared. We aimed to determine the risk of encephalopathy and mortality associated with baclofen compared to an alternate muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine in a real-world setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective […]

Background: Epidemiology of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (NVUGIB) such as peptic ulcer bleeding, Mallory-Weiss tear, erosive gastritis/duodenitis, oesophagitis/oesophageal ulcer is well known among general population. However, data is lacking about its trend among Cirrhotic population in literature. No large database study is available to compare prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of NVUGIB among Cirrhotic patients. We […]

Background: Eviction represents a traumatic form of housing instability and is an important social determinant of health. Growing wealth inequality and a housing crisis have resulted in high rates of eviction since 2000, with women renters and those of Black race disproportionately affected. Prior studies demonstrate the negative impact of eviction on self-reported mental and […]

Background: Patients with cardiac arrest, either with a shockable or non-shockable rhythm, are at high risk of death and neurological impairment. Hypoxic-anoxic brain injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. (1) International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommends moderate therapeutic hypothermia (32°C to 36°C) for patients who achieve return of […]

Background: We compared 1) monthly rates of hospitalizations by disease severity and heart failure types, 2) measures of in-hospital care process, 3) and 30-day clinical outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) hospitalized during COVID-19 pandemic with those admitted in pre-pandemic periods. Methods: Retrospective study of 8989 ADHF hospitalizations (6769 unique patients, mean […]

Background: Interhospital transfers are shown to be associated with increased length of stay (LOS), mortality, and discharge to facility.[1,2] Delirium has been associated with similar outcomes.[3] Our prior data showed that interhospital transfers had 1.91 times the risk of delirium when compared to ED admissions. We hypothesized that an interaction between admission source, namely interhospital […]

Background: Since the onset of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ongoing research exploring risk factors and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients has been conducted. This study examined common comorbidities observed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to St. Catherine of Siena Medical Center in Smithtown, N.Y. The impact of these comorbidities on level of […]

Background: Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conferences are common practice among internal medicine (IM) residency programs, but their effect on education and patient safety (PS) is inconsistent.[1,2] Existing research reports have struggled to identify best practices for implementing M&M conferences due to inherent variability in personnel and adverse event analysis processes. We need interventions that account […]