Background: The ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (P:F ratio) has known clinical utility. For example, it is a key component of the sequential organ failure assesment (SOFA) score which is a validated mortality predictor and the new operational defintion of sepsis. Yet, its use is limited because [...]

Case Presentation: A 7-month-old former term female with congenital hypothyroidism was admitted for the third time with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Her first admission at 7 weeks of age involved an ICU stay requiring intubation and chest tube placement after a chest X-ray showed a right tension pneumothorax. She suffered no other major complications and [...]

Case Presentation: 75-year-old female with past medical history of obesity (BMI 31.7 kg/m2), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hypothyroidism, was admitted to the hospital for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patient tolerated the procedure without complications, however, post operatively, she was difficult to extubate due to hypercapnia of pCO2 of 100 mmHg in arterial blood gas. She was [...]

Case Presentation: A 56 year-old female teacher presents with 1-week history of shortness of breath. She noted progressive shortness of breath on minimal exertion over the past week. She denied associated pedal edema, orthopnea, epistaxis or chest pain. She noted associated cough with white frothy sputum and subjective chills. She denied rashes, exposure to sick [...]