Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality among patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. There is emerging evidence of the benefits of SGLT2i in HF patients with a higher LVEF (>40%). We aimed to evaluate the benefits of SGLT2i in different subgroups [...]

Background: Several institutions have implemented a medical procedure service (MPS) to improve timeliness of bedside procedures and standardize performance and training of procedures by internal medicine (IM) residents (1-2). A critical barrier to starting an MPS has been a lack of experienced proceduralists (3). In 2011, our IM residency program created an MPS led by [...]

Background: Hospital medicine (HM) is a well-established clinical specialty within Internal Medicine, yet its research footprint has lagged its clinical impact. Clarity of top HM research priorities may identify target areas for investment in HM research infrastructure and define areas of hospital medicine expertise. Methods: The Society of Hospital Medicine’s (SHM) Research Committee formed a [...]

Background: U.S. hospitals are facing unprecedented strain: ED boarding times are at an all-time high and a national hospital bed shortage is predicted as early as 2032. The leading hospital-substitution model, Hospital at Home, faces financial uncertainty as the waiver allowing its reimbursement expired in September 2025 and now only exists through a continuing resolution [...]

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) exacerbations are a leading cause of hospitalization in the United States. Despite the frequency of AHF hospitalizations, there are inadequate data or practice guidelines on how quickly diuresis should be achieved. Methods: We conducted a pooled cohort study using data from three acute heart failure trials (DOSE, ROSE, and ATHENA-HF). [...]

Background: Limited diagnostic capacity in resource-constrained hospitals leads to delayed diagnoses and inequitable outcomes. At Hospital Nacional Juan José Ortega de Coatepeque in Guatemala, internists frequently manage conditions such as decompensated cirrhosis and pleural effusions with only plain radiography available and no access to a radiologist. A needs assessment of 36 providers showed limited prior [...]

Background: At all academic medical centers, nurses and resident physicians are two prominent front-line contributors to the care of patients. During a patient’s hospital stay, they receive communication regarding their diagnosis, test results, management, and plan of care from both the resident physicians and the nursing staff. Therefore, it is critical to have effective communication [...]

Background: Despite medical advancements for organic and structural diseases, effectively managing acute and chronic functional pain syndromes remains a daunting challenge for hospitalists. Standard inpatient treatments frequently fail to adequately control symptoms, often compelling hospitalists to shift from diagnostics to the contentious task of tapering opioids in patients with legitimate pain. This pivot can lead [...]

Background: A large academic safety-net hospital has experienced surges in hospital patient volumes resulting in inpatient strain. Strain is defined as a mismatch between supply and demand of hospital resources1. Inpatient strain led to a growing number of admitted patients boarding in the Emergency Department (ED) for several days, physically distant from their inpatient providers [...]

Background: Diagnostic errors (DEs) represent ongoing threats to patient safety in the hospital. Little is known about the factors present on admission that can predict DE during the hospital encounter. Such knowledge is essential for prospective identification of hospitalized patients at risk for DE who can be targeted for early intervention. The purpose of this [...]