Background: In the treatment of sepsis, current guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend IV crystalloid 30ml/kg in the first three hours of admission (1). The 30mL/kg guideline is designated as a strong recommendation with low quality of evidence(2). This evidence largely stems from the Rivers et al. study of 263 patients which showed improved [...]

Background: Before any gastrointestinal (GI) procedures, it is recommended that patients have no intake of clear liquids (2-4 hours) and solid food (6 hours) prior to induction of sedation to minimize preoperative risks such as regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration, and other risks associated with sedation. These time frames were determined by previous randomized control trials which [...]