Background: Each year 45 million procedures are performed in the United States. For elective procedures, the preoperative evaluation is an opportunity to identify and manage risk factors that may contribute to post -operative morbidity and mortality. Increasingly thispre-operative visit has come under the purview of hospital medicine. While studies have demonstrated that pre-operative evaluations reduce [...]

Background: Total joint arthroplasties (TJA) are the most frequently performed orthopedic surgeries in the USA. Given the aging US population, the number of TJA surgeries is expected to grow by 559% by 2060. Additionally, the average medical comorbidity for patients undergoing TJA surgery is increasing, a trend that is expected to continue. Given both the [...]