Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is underdiagnosed in patients with heart disease, however, there has been controversy surrounding whether it is a cardiovascular risk factor or not. To determine the prognostic significance of SCH in Heart Failure (HF) with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) we followed a cohort of patients for 9 years. Methods: In this retrospective [...]

Background: Academic children’s hospitals are increasingly partnering with community hospitals to provide inpatient neonatal and pediatric care in the patient’s own community. Although some academic hospitals are hesitant to form these partnerships due to concern for decreasing incoming transfers, few studies report the true effect of such collaboration. Our strategy involved such a partnership that [...]

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a staggering 200 million cases with over 4 million deaths globally as of August 2021. COVID-19 is associated with lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used to improve lung function by reducing inflammation, edema, mucus secretion, and inhibiting various cytokine activities. However, there is [...]

Background: Epidemiology of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (NVUGIB) such as peptic ulcer bleeding, Mallory-Weiss tear, erosive gastritis/duodenitis, oesophagitis/oesophageal ulcer is well known among general population. However, data is lacking about its trend among Cirrhotic population in literature. No large database study is available to compare prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of NVUGIB among Cirrhotic patients. We [...]

Background: In 2020, melanoma exhibited the 5th highest incidence rate of all cancers in the US. While metastatic melanoma constitutes only 4% of new melanoma cases, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic melanoma is 27% [1]. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) were the first drugs to significantly improve the 5-year survival of late-stage melanoma patients; these [...]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral illness affecting multiple systems caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ever since its first detection in Wuhan, China in Nov 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 220 million people causing more than 4.5 million deaths worldwide and the numbers are increasing. [1] Dexamethasone, a steroid [...]

Background: The 2015 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines recommend the use of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Although prior guidelines did not recommend a dose or route, current guidelines recommend oral (PO) prednisone over intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone for non-ICU AECOPD hospitalizations, given [...]

Background: Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP) is a rare entity, potentially life threatening and associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate Mayo Clinic enterprise’s clinical experience with HAP occurrence, clinical features and outcome in the last 20 years, and to compare our results with what the literature. Methods: This retrospective analysis [...]

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost with the greatest proportion incurred treating acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). While guidelines recommend oral steroids for the treatment of AECOPD, parental corticosteroids are still used in the inpatient setting; such use is associated with high costs and adverse effects. The [...]

Background: Over the last two decades concerns have been raised about the potential risk of blood transfusion over the benefits. General restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion approach for anemic hospitalized patients (thresh hold of 7 gm %) has been adopted by American hematology society (AHS) in 2012. It is important to recognize that guidelines [...]