Background: Large volume paracentesis is commonly performed in patients with refractory ascites but can induce hypotension and kidney injury. There is evidence that administering albumin at 6-8 grams per liter (g/L) of ascites removed during or after paracentesis can reduce these adverse events. Current guidelines recommend this practice when >2 liters are removed in high-risk [...]

Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs when an infant is exposed to licit or illicit chemical substances in utero and manifests symptoms of withdrawal from the substance(s) after birth. NAS is a clinical diagnosis, but is generally confirmed with testing of infant urine and/or meconium to identify specific causative substances. Appropriate identification, documentation, and communication [...]

Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks can be traumatic for patients and families, particularly at the end of life. Studies estimate between 51-65% of ICDs remain active at time of death, with 24-31% of patients receiving shocks within the last day of life, and 8% in the last minute of life. The Heart Rhythm Society [...]