Background: It is important to understand knowledge about diagnostic error, such as cognitive bias and heuristics, for preventing a diagnostic error. However, it is unclear whether Japanese residents learn this knowledge. We aimed to assess diagnostic error knowledge in residents throughout Japan and compare it to the benchmark of the previous US score. In addition, [...]

Background: Although code status discussion does not routinely happen at hospitals in Japan, many people reportedly start to think of their end of life issue and would like to express it, according to questionnaire survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. There has been no report which focuses on prevalence of do-not-resuscitate [...]

Background: It is known that more people die during the nighttime compared to daytime in the community setting. Many health care providers are required to care for patients in a critical condition which includes around the time of death, and which may be at night. However, there have been few studies with respect to the [...]

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is part of the standard of care for the event of cardiac arrest during hospital admissions. The “do not resuscitate” (DNR) order documents that patients do not wish to pursue CPR in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). The Ministry of Health has announced that 69.7% of middle-aged home residents in [...]

Background: Japan has the high incidence of tuberculosis with the rapid population aging in developed county. In acute care hospital, delaying in respiratory isolation for tuberculosis can cause serious hospital-acquired infections and subsequent delay in the initiation of treatment, which might be poor prognosis for not only the patient but also the around medical providers. [...]

Background: Several studies have been conducted worldwide on gender discrimination in the medical field[1]. A Japan-based study showed that although the number of female physicians in the country doubled between 1980 and 2016, less than 10% held significant positions (e.g., professor)[2]. In Japan, discriminatory admission practices in several medical schools were publicized in 2018, revealing [...]

Background: Severe aortic stenosis (SAS) had been identified as being at elevated risk for non-cardiac surgery. However, two reports demonstrated that SAS did not increase mortality of intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery. The European Society of Cardiology guideline states non-cardiac surgery of low to intermediate risk can be safely performed among patients with SAS. [...]

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common and clinically important hospital-associated infection throughout the world. A few data from Japan exist regarding the prevalence and appropriateness of urinary catheters in hospitalized patients but no interventions have been proven to decrease unnecessary urinary catheter use in Japan. Our aim of this study is to [...]

Background: General medicine physicians should aim to promote patient-centered care in clinical practice, and contribute to research that will advance general medicine as an academic discipline [1]. However, the general medicine certified board in Japan has been established since 2018 [2], and the trend in their research achievements is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed [...]

Background: Sexual harassment encompasses unwelcome verbal and physical sexual attention, including gender-based behaviors in social settings. It violates fundamental human rights and poses a global issue for men and women. In medical communities, it has been linked to burnout, isolation, workforce attrition, and the perpetuation of unprofessional behaviors through medical education. In the U.S., annual [...]