Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality among patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. There is emerging evidence of the benefits of SGLT2i in HF patients with a higher LVEF (>40%). We aimed to evaluate the benefits of SGLT2i in different subgroups [...]

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality among patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. There is emerging evidence of the benefits of SGLT2i in HF patients with a higher LVEF (>40%). We aimed to evaluate the benefits of SGLT2i in different subgroups [...]

Background: SGLT-2 inhibitors are one of the emerging drugs in heart failure. Several meta-analyses prove its effect in reducing the composite outcome of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure but it is unknown if they contain all the primary studies hence a need for a pooled analysis Methods: We performed an umbrella analysis and used the [...]

Background: Treating HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is complex due to its diverse origins, leaving many patients with limited options. While diuretics offer symptom relief, most therapies don’t markedly improve outcomes. SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly Dapagliflozin, show potential in reducing cardiovascular events. Yet, guidelines for HFpEF and HFmrEF are vague regarding SGLT2 use. This [...]

Case Presentation: A 55-year-old man with poorly-controlled type II diabetes and coronary artery bypass graft one month previously presented with a three-day history of dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. He had been started on empagliflozin/metformin HCl after his bypass. On presentation, his vital signs were remarkable for tachycardia. His exam was notable for mild left [...]

Case Presentation: A 62 YO woman with PMHx significant for type 2 DM, HTN, CAD with a previous MI, and OSA was recovering as expected from elective decompressive laminectomy. On POD 4 she developed nausea, confusion, and lethargy. The hospitalist service was consulted, prompting a metabolic work-up that suggested anion gap metabolic acidosis. There were [...]

Case Presentation: An 89-year-old year old woman with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, insulin-naïve and well-controlled on a regimen of metformin, sitagliptin, and dapagliflozin, presented with 3 days of nausea, vomiting, and poor intake of food and liquids. She had recently been prescribed cephalexin for a suspected UTI. She reported a subacute history [...]

Case Presentation: A 54 year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension and Type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin and canagliflozin presented to the hospital with lethargy and malaise. She reported that her blood glucose was stable over the past 2 weeks with fingerstick glucoses ranging from 100-130mg/ dL. She had been vomiting [...]

Case Presentation: A 73yo Caucasian female with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis, presented a few hours after sudden onset, sharp LUQ abdominal pain associated with multiple episodes of nausea and vomiting. Patient denied any previous event like presentation. Further workup revealed no history of pancreatitis, trauma, or alcohol abuse. Medications [...]

Case Presentation: A 60 year old female with small cell cancer, type 2 diabetes on an insulin pump and empagliflozin, and recently diagnosed pulmonary embolus (PE) on apixaban presents to the hospital with intractable nausea with vomiting and symptomatic tachycardia. This patient presented 1 month prior with dyspnea and tachycardia and was found to have [...]