Background: Although the history of refeeding syndrome is long, few studies provide scientific information regarding refeeding syndrome in frail medical inpatients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of refeeding syndrome in frail hospitalized patients for acute medical problems. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. Clinical [...]

Background: Acute pancreatitis is among the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in the United States. While bowel rest, pain control, and intravenous fluids are the cornerstone of treatment, recent evidence suggests that early rather than delayed feeding may be beneficial. Guidelines, however, continue to recommend waiting for clinical improvement before feeding. We thus [...]

Background: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common reasons for hospitalizations in children with > 100,000 admissions each year. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has been widely adopted to treat bronchiolitis with increasing use outside of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The use of oral feeding while on HFNC has been questioned due to [...]

Background: Patients who are hospitalized for a prolonged period are at risk of developing various complications, includingfeeding intolerance resulting from reduced gastrointestinal motility. Prucalopride is one of the drugs used for thetreatment of constipation, and it exerts its effects by increasing intestinal motility through the activation of the 5-HT4receptor.However, no previous study demonstrated whether prucalopride [...]

Background: Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition. Studies have shown that newborns who were exclusively breastfed had lower risk of otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, atopic dermatitis, gastroenteritis, RSV bronchiolitis, obesity, celiac disease, type I and type II diabetes, and leukemia.1,2The American [...]

Case Presentation: A 79-year-old female with a history of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with chemotherapy and a Whipple procedure 17 years before admission presents with deconditioning and weakness secondary to peri-prandial abdominal pain and poor oral intake. This problem existed since her Whipple but progressed over the last year, complicated by cachexia, weakness, and inability to [...]

Case Presentation: Milk alkali syndrome (MAS) was initially described in the early 1900s with the utilization of calcium alkali treatments for gastric ulcers and is characterized by the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury (AKI). In modern times, it is usually secondary to calcium supplementation or excessive antacid consumption. Here, we describe [...]

Background: Growth faltering (or failure to thrive) is a common paediatric problem, found in approximately 3-5% of hospitalized children1,2. Inpatient evaluation of growth faltering generally focuses on identifying the underlying etiology of poor weight gain, but complex genetic conditions can be difficult to identify during a short hospital admission. In a recent study that followed [...]

Case Presentation: A 20-day-old female former full-term, appropriate for gestational age infant presented to the pediatrician’s office for her first checkup. She was born via uncomplicated vaginal delivery following a normal pregnancy and had normal newborn screening results. She was exclusively breastfed. She was found to be 27% below birth weight and was therefore urgently [...]

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old (G2P2) female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with four-days of fevers, myalgias, retro-orbital headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and petechial rash involving the bilateral lower extremities. Her symptoms began after returning from a month-long trip to Northern Mexico, where she noted numerous mosquito bites and [...]