Background: Microaggressions (adapted from Sue et al. 2007) are “brief and commonplace verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults with regards to race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation that target a person or group”. In healthcare, studies have examined microaggressions’ effect on trainee experience, [...]

Background: An increasing amount of literature demonstrates the detrimental impact of discrimination and microaggressions at personal and institutional levels in the healthcare workplace (1-5). Confronting these displays of bias involves a multifaceted approach across professional disciplines and hierarchies. Residency is a time when physicians experience and learn to navigate bias (6). To address this, we [...]

Background: Biases and microaggressions are common in the clinical setting and can impact the wellbeing of medical trainees and faculty. From our knowledge, this is the first study to assess workplace experiences based on group identity of medicine faculty and trainees across sites and subspecialities using qualitative and quantitative data to help design re-enactment upstander [...]

Background: The extent and impact of bias in medicine are increasingly recognized. Studies have demonstrated the deleterious effect of clinicians’ biases on patient care (1,2), and the impact of patients’ biases on physicians’ well-being (3). We hypothesized that more subtle expressions of bias would increase burnout among academic hospitalists. The objectives of this study were [...]

Background: Anti-racism education is increasing across academic institutions; however, physicians have varied levels of skill addressing racist microaggressions. Microresistance Communication Tools (MCTs) are frameworks developed to respond to microaggressions and are common devices used in microaggression trainings. Prior studies evaluating MCT trainings primarily measured change in confidence but rarely objectively assessed ability to apply these [...]

Background: Microaggressions were first described by Dr. Chester Pierce in 1997 as “subtle and stunning” daily racial offenses and then by Sue et al. as “brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional” which often target marginalized groups. Many studies have demonstrated the harmful effect of microaggressions on the target [...]

Background: Microaggressions, defined as verbal or non-verbal communications that convey hostility, invalidation or insult based on an individual’s marginalized status in society, are ubiquitous and harmful in health care and medical training. They occur between and among patients, families, and interprofessional providers of all levels. Prior work has shown that microaggressions can pollute the clinical [...]

Background: Microaggressions and bias events in the clinical environment are widespread and have both individual and structural consequences. Microaggressions are brief and mundane verbal, environmental, or behavioral slights that communicate bias, hostility, or prejudice toward any group. Microaggressions can occur in a variety of interactions between the physician and patients, learners, colleagues, and staff. Studies [...]

Background: Microaggressions are subtle, indirect words or actions that create hostility, communicate disrespect, or imply a sense of exclusion. Over time, these microaggressions can contribute to physician burn-out and negatively impact well-being. Although studies have found that a majority of physicians have been subjected to these deleterious comments by patients, many physicians have never received [...]