Background: The aim of this study is to determine the order frequency of serum ceruloplasmin testing, rate of positive tests, epidemiological characteristics, and outcomes of the patients with a positive ceruloplasmin. Ceruloplasmin is a serum ferroxidase that is produced by liver hepatocytes using P-type ATPase to incorporate 6 to 8 copper atoms into apo-ceruloplasmin. Ceruloplasmin [...]

Background: Venous thromboembolism, in particular, pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. In comparison to influenza, COVID-19 leads to a more pronounced hypercoagulable state secondary to endotheliopathy and hyperinflammatory state which results in the formation of venous and arterial thrombosis. Based on prior literature, patients with COVID-19 have [...]

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects at least 20% of the general population. There is a significant predominance of IBS in females, with a female: male ratio of 2:1, especially in western countries. In contrary Eastern countries, some studies report that men with IBS are 4 times more affected [...]

Background: Mental fatigability is a measure of an individual’s susceptibility to increased mental fatigue resulting from engaging in physical and/or mental activities. Mental fatigability is important in hospitalized patients because it is has been shown to be associated with reduced physical activity levels, and reduced activity directly contributes to hospital associated disability and reduced functional [...]

Background: Anemia is an acute and/or chronic condition with a range of underlying etiologies present in an estimated 40-70% of hospitalized patients. While comprehensive diagnostic and treatment algorithms for anemia exist, they are rarely used by hospitalist clinicians in the inpatient setting. This is because these algorithms were derived in ambulatory patients where acute anemia [...]

Background: Researchers across the globe have continued their effort in identifying important risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. Patient demographics including age, race, gender, and certain chronic medical conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure have been identified as the important risk factors for severity. To simply the risk stratification process, the CHA2DS2-VASc [...]

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with adverse events and increased mortality in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis (1). PPIs are commonly prescribed to patients with cirrhosis who present to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeds (2). However, guidelines do not suggest routine usage of PPI in patients with cirrhosis without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [...]

Background: Since the implementation of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, 30-day readmissions have decreased across the U.S. regardless of hospital teaching intensity. The effect of financial penalties on long term readmission rates has not been studied. Teaching hospitals serve as leaders in medical education, research, innovation, and patient care. Therefore, we examined whether long-term readmission [...]

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was vital in modifying healthcare delivery systems. This infection has led to variable composite outcomes in patients who have cardiovascular diseases [1,2]. In this study, we aimed to look into the impact of COVID-19 on incidence and outcomes of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction using a nationally representative sample from the USA. [...]

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common severe acute complication of diabetes, and has shown to be worsened by COVID-191. Several studies have found an association between COVID-19 and worsened outcomes from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).2 Vaccination against COVID-19 has led to substantial declines in the frequency, severity, and mortality from acute infection, but little [...]